Spirituality and Psychotherapy

In the past, religiosity and spirituality were often viewed critically—sometimes even considered pathological. This blanket view is no longer appropriate today. Nevertheless, spiritual topics should not simply be idealized or uncritically integrated into therapeutic concepts. Instead, they require a professionally sound and reflective discussion.

Psychiatry and psychotherapy can make valuable contributions here – for example, in the development of criteria for a mindful and healthy approach to spiritual aspects.

Basic assumptions in the therapeutic approach to spirituality

1. Spirituality is part of being human

Researchers such as Luckmann and Meindl & Bucher emphasize that religiosity and spirituality are universal human phenomena. They are part of a holistic view of the person—regardless of whether they have a positive or negative impact on health or treatment outcomes (see Koenig).

2. Spiritual aspects shape identity

Religious and spiritual beliefs are often closely linked to self-image—both in patients and therapists. This influence is particularly evident in life crises, during transitional experiences, but also in moments of meaningfulness or spiritual emptiness (Schnell).

3. Spirituality as a system of meaning and cultural factor

Spiritual orientation can represent a central system of meaning and influence cultural values. For psychotherapy, this means that spiritual and religious perspectives should be respectfully perceived and appreciated (Utsch et al.).

4. Professional ethical responsibility

Psychotherapists and psychiatrists are obligated to treat their patients with respect—regardless of personal characteristics such as origin, religion, sexual orientation, or political views. This also includes a sensitive and professional approach to spiritual issues.